Refactor DNS flag handling: replace output pointer pattern with structured return types and add documentation.

This refactors all helper functions related to DNS flag extraction and validation:
- Introduce a new `flag_list` struct used as unified return type for functions producing multiple output values
- Replace all functions using output pointers (`char ***`, `size_t *`) with functions returning `flag_list`
- Update callers in `main()` and the flag validation logic
- Add documentation comments describing purpose, inputs and outputs for all new helper functions
- Consolidate memory handling through a single `free_flag_list()` helper
- Apply clang-format
This brings more clarity, avoids hidden output and aligns with the review request for cleaner functions input/output.

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